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Fusarium sporotrichioides
''Fusarium sporotrichioides'' is a fungal plant pathogen, one of various ''Fusarium'' species responsible for damaging crops, in particular causing a condition known as Fusarium head blight in wheat, consequently being of notable agricultural and economic importance.〔 The species is ecologically widespread, being found across tropical and temperate regions,〔 and is a significant producer of mycotoxins, particularly trichothecenes.〔 Although mainly infecting crops, ''F. sporotrichioides''-derived mycotoxins can have repercussions for human health in the case of the ingestion of infected cereals. One such example includes the outbreak of alimentary toxic aleukia (ATA) in Russia, of which ''F. sporotrichioides''-infected crop was suspected to be the cause.〔 Although current studies on ''F. sporotrichioides'' are somewhat limited in comparison to other species in the genus, ''F. sporotrichioides'' has found several applications as a model system for experimentation in molecular biology.〔
==History and taxonomy==
The ''Fusarium'' genus was first characterised by the German botanist Johann Link in 1809,〔 at which time fungi were not yet classified as living organisms, and their role as plant pathogens was yet to be discovered.〔 Over a thousand different species of ''Fusarium'' were identified by the 1930s, however, upon further analysis, these were narrowed down to 65 different species. Despite this reduction in the recognised number of species, differentiating one from the other remained difficult and unclear.〔
Lacking a satisfactory system of classification and identification with which to organise these many, seemingly similar ''Fusarium'' species, the mycologists Snyder and Hansen collected samples of various species of Fusaria from laboratories worldwide, isolated single spores and cultured them for subsequent analysis of their genetic variation.〔 Their work indicated the existence of 9 distinct species of ''Fusarium'', but there have since been several different classification systems that reach different conclusions, and consensus around this has been difficult to establish, perhaps in part because research focuses predominantly on the agriculturally or botanically more significant Fusaria.〔 ''F. sporotrichioides'' exemplifies these classification difficulties, as it is usually designated as belonging to the section ''F. sporotrichiella'', along with other similar species such as the more well-studied ''F. poae'' and ''F. tricinctum'',〔 although other classification systems have placed ''F. sporotrichioides'' in the ''Arthrosporiella'' section, based on the similarity of its conidial morphology to other species in the section.〔
More currently, the taxonomy of the ''Fusarium'' genus is studied using high-performance liquid chromatography, with each of the peaks on the resulting chromatograph being detected by a photodiode array and grouped into chromophore families. As each species produces a different pattern of peaks, this technique allows accurate species identification, and has successfully been applied to several Fusaria, including ''F. sporotrichioides''.〔 For larger samples, thin-layer chromatography is usually used as a less expensive alternative.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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